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A container port, container terminal, or intermodal terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipment between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation. The transshipment may be between and land vehicles, for example or , in which case the terminal is described as a maritime container port. Alternatively, the transshipment may be between land vehicles, typically between train and truck, in which case the terminal is described as an inland container port.
In November 1932, the first inland container port in the world was opened by the Pennsylvania Railroad company in Enola, Pennsylvania.
Port Newark-Elizabeth on the Newark Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey is considered the world's first maritime container port. On April 26, 1956, the Ideal X was rigged for an experiment to use standardized cargo containers that were stacked and then unloaded to a compatible truck chassis at Port Newark. The concept had been developed by the McLean Trucking Company. On August 15, 1962, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey opened the world’s first container port, Elizabeth Marine Terminal.
Maritime container ports tend to be part of a larger port, and the biggest maritime container ports can be found situated around major harbours. Inland container ports tend to be located in or near major cities, with good rail connections to maritime container ports.
It is common for cargo that arrives to a container port in a single ship to be distributed over several modes of transportation for delivery to inland customers. According to a manager from the Port of Rotterdam, it may be fairly typical way for the cargo of a large 18,000 TEU container ship to be distributed over 19 container trains (74 TEU each), 32 barges (97 TEU each) and 1,560 trucks (1.6 TEU each, on average).Port of Rotterdam senior business manager Arwin Stehouwer, quoted in Rail port shuttles growing trend in Europe, Rail Express, July 24, 2015 The further container terminal, in April 2015, such APM Terminals Maasvlakte II, that adapts the advanced technology of Remote control STS and conceptions of sustainability, renewable energy, and zero carbon dioxide emission.
Both maritime and inland container ports usually provide storage facilities for both loaded and empty containers. Loaded containers are stored for relatively short periods, whilst waiting for onward transportation, whilst unloaded containers may be stored for longer periods awaiting their next use. Containers are normally stacked for storage, and the resulting stores are known as container stacks.
In recent years, methodological advances regarding container port operations have considerably improved, such as container port design process. For a detailed description and a comprehensive list of references see, e.g., the operations research literature.
| 1 | PSA International | |
| 2 | China Merchants Port Holdings (China Merchants Port and 49% of Terminal Link) | |
| 3 | COSCO Shipping Ports | |
| 4 | APM Terminals | |
| 5 | DP World | |
| 6 | Hutchison Port Holdings | |
| 7 | MSC (Terminal Investment Limited and Africa Global Logistics) | |
| 8 | International Container Terminal Services | |
| 9 | CMA CGM (CMA Terminals Holding and 51% of Terminal Link) | |
| 10 | Yıldırım Holding (Yilport) |
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